Sexual dysfunctions, in other words when a person’s life is disturbed by difficulties having sex or enjoying sex, are much more prevalent in society than commonly believed. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) estimates that as many as 43% of females and 31% of males have at least one sexual dysfunction. However, even though sexual issues are common, they are still not commonly talked about in society, leading to a large number of misunderstandings and low rates of treatment amongst those affected.

Common Sexual Disorders

Due to the lack of communication and education regarding sexual dysfunction, many people don’t know that what they’re experiencing is quite common and that there are experts who can help.

According to the Beaumont, sexual disorders are broadly divided into four categories:

"Desire disorders. These disorders affect sexual desire and interest in sex, and are also known as libido disorders or low libido. Low estrogen and testosterone levels can cause decreased libido, as can hormonal changes, medical conditions (like diabetes and heart disease), relationship problems, sexual inhibitions, fatigue, fear, depression, and anxiety, among other things.

Arousal disorders. These disorders make it difficult or impossible to become physically aroused during sexual activity, and can occur in both men and women. The most common type in men is erectile dysfunction. When a person has arousal disorder, he or she may be interested in sexual activity, but be unable to get any physical satisfaction from it.

Orgasm disorders. These disorders, which involve the absence of orgasm or delayed orgasm, are a common problem with women, but they can also occur in men. Pain during sexual activity, stress, fatigue, hormonal changes and reduced libido can all lead to delayed or absent orgasm.

Pain disorders. These involve pain during intercourse, and can affect both men and women. In women, pain may be caused by vaginal dryness, vaginismus (a condition that affects the vaginal muscles), urinary tract infections (UTIs), hormonal changes during menopause, and other conditions. In men, pain may be caused by Peyronie's disease (physical damage to the penis), infections like UTIs, prostatitis and yeast infections, genital herpes, and skin conditions."

Common disorders include:

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD)

Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder

Anorgasmia

Erectile Dysfunction (ED)

Premature Ejaculation

Dyspareunia

Factors at play

While many people have been led to believe that sexual disorders are physical and need to be resolved with medicine, sex is a complex process involving physical, mental, and social factors. While it is true that many sexual disorders are physical in nature, an issue with any of these factors, or multiple of these factors, may be the underlying cause of a sexual disorder.

Here are some common psychological and social reasons for sexual dysfunction:

• Performance Anxiety: This is one of the most common psychological factors contributing to sexual dysfunction. Anxiety about sexual performance, such as fear of not satisfying a partner or concerns about one's own sexual abilities, can lead to difficulties in achieving or maintaining an erection (in men) or difficulties with arousal and orgasm (in both men and women).

• Stress and Anxiety: High levels of stress and anxiety, whether related to work, relationships, or other life events, can interfere with sexual function. Chronic stress can lead to a decrease in libido and difficulties with sexual response.

• Depression: Depression can reduce interest in sex and affect one's ability to become sexually aroused or achieve orgasm. Some antidepressant medications can also have side effects that impact sexual function.

• Body Image Issues: Negative body image and low self-esteem can lead to sexual dysfunction, especially in cases where individuals feel self-conscious or uncomfortable about their bodies during sexual encounters.

• Past Trauma or Abuse: Previous traumatic experiences, such as sexual abuse or assault, can have a lasting impact on an individual's sexual function. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can also contribute to sexual dysfunction.

• Relationship Problems: Relationship issues, such as conflicts, communication problems, or unresolved emotional issues with a partner, can lead to sexual dysfunction. A lack of emotional intimacy or trust can impact one's ability to engage in a satisfying sexual relationship.

• Sexual Shame or Guilt: Cultural or religious beliefs, upbringing, or past experiences can lead to feelings of shame or guilt about sex. These feelings can inhibit sexual desire and function.

• Performance Pressure: Unrealistic expectations about sex and sexual performance, often influenced by media portrayals of sex, can create pressure and lead to sexual difficulties.

• Lack of Sexual Education: Inadequate sexual education can lead to misconceptions and lack of knowledge about sexual function, which may contribute to sexual dysfunction.

• Arousal Disorders: Some individuals may experience difficulty becoming sexually aroused due to a lack of sexual attraction to their partner or a mismatch between their sexual preferences and their current partner's desires.

• Mood Disorders: Conditions like bipolar disorder or certain personality disorders can affect sexual function by influencing mood and behavior.

• Medications: Some psychological medications, including certain antidepressants and antipsychotics, can have side effects that impact sexual function.

The downward spiral

While many people are struggling with a sexual disorder due to an underlying issue, the sexual disorder may in turn be exacerbating the underlying issue.

For instance, many couples with relationship issues may find their sex life affected. However, their reduction in sexual activities may also lead to an intensification of the relationship problems, causing a downward spiral. This downward spiral is applicable to other issues, as well, such as a heightening of anxiety or depression.

What’s causing the sexual disorder?

Unfortunately, due to the complex nature of sex, it may be difficult to pinpoint the exact cause on your own. Seeking the guidance of a healthcare professional, such as a therapist or sexual health specialist, is advisable for those experiencing sexual dysfunction to identify and address the specific factors contributing to the issue.

Treatment may involve therapy, medication, lifestyle changes, or a combination of approaches depending on the underlying causes and individual needs. A health professional can help develop a plan for you to address your specific circumstances.

The decision of whether to seek treatment for sexual dysfunction is a completely personal decision. However, if you choose that it’s the right path for you, please remember that you are not alone, and there are professionals there to help.